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september 2006 rev 4 1/20 20 lm224a-lm324a low power quad operational amplifiers features wide gain bandwidth: 1.3 mhz input common-mode voltage range includes ground large voltage gain: 100 db very low supply curr ent/amplifier: 375 a low input bias current: 20 na low input offset voltage: 3 mv max. low input offset current: 2 na wide power supply range: single supply: +3 v to +30 v dual supplies: 1.5 v to 15 v description these circuits consist of four independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers. they operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. order codes n dip14 (plastic package) d so-14 (plastic micropackage) p tssop-14 (thin shrink small outline package) part number temperature range package packaging lm224an -40 c, +105 c dip tube lm224ad/adt so tube or tape & reel lm224apt tssop (thin shrink outline package) tape & reel lm324an 0 c, +70 c dip tube lm324ad/adt so tube or tape & reel lm324apt tssop (thin shrink outline package) tape & reel www.st.com
contents lm224a-lm324a 2/20 contents 1 pin connections and schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 typical single-supply appl ications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5 macromodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6 package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.1 dip14 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.2 so-14 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.3 tssop14 package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
lm224a-lm324a pin connections and schematic diagram 3/20 1 pin connections and schematic diagram figure 1. pin connections (top view) figure 2. schematic diagram (1/4 lm124)

absolute maximum ratings lm224a-lm324a 4/20 2 absolute maximum ratings table 1. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter lm224a lm324a unit v cc supply voltage 16 or 32 v v i input voltage -0.3 to v cc + 0.3 v v id differential input voltage (1) 1. neither of the input voltages must exceed the magnitude of v cc + or v cc - . 32 v p tot power dissipation: n suffix d suffix 500 400 500 400 mw output short-circuit duration (2) 2. short-circuits from the output to v cc can cause excessive heating if v cc > 15 v. the maximum output current is approximately 40 ma independent of the magnitude of v cc . destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short-circ uits on all amplifiers. infinite i in input current (3) 3. this input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. it is due to the collector-base junction of the input pnp transistor becoming forw ard biased and thereby acting as input diode clamps. in addition to this diode action, there is also npn parasitic ac tion on the ic chip. this transistor action can cause the output vo ltages of the op-amps to go to the v cc voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time during which an input is driven negative. this is not destructive and norma l output will set up again for input voltage higher than -0.3 v. 50 ma t oper operating free-air temperature range -40 to +105 0 to +70 c t stg storage temperature range -65 to +150 c t j maximum junction temperature 150 c r thja thermal resistance junction to ambient (4) : so14 tssop14 dip14 4. short-circuits can caus e excessive heating. destructive dissipa tion can result from simultaneous short- circuits on all amplifiers. these ar e typical values given for a single la yer board (except for tssop which is a two-layer board). 103 100 83 c/w r thjc thermal resistance junction to case: so14 tssop14 dip14 31 32 33 c/w esd hbm: human body model (5) 5. human body model, 100 pf discharged through a 1.5 k resistor into pin of device. 700 v mm: machine model (6) 6. machine model esd, a 200 pf cap is charged to the s pecified voltage, then discharged directly into the ic with no external series resi stor (internal resistor < 5 ), into pin-to-pin of device. 150 cdm: charged device model 1500
lm224a-lm324a electrical characteristics 5/20 3 electrical characteristics table 2. v cc + = +5v, v cc - = ground, v o = 1.4v, t amb = +25c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter min. typ. max. unit v io input offset voltage (1) : t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 23 5 mv i io input offset current: t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 220 40 na i ib input bias current (2) : t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 20 100 200 na a vd large signal voltage gain: v cc + = +15 v, r l = 2 k , v o = 1.4 v to 11.4 v t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 50 25 100 v/mv svr supply voltage rejection ratio (r s 10 k ): v cc + = 5 v to 30 v t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 65 65 110 db i cc supply current, all amp, no load: ?t amb = +25 c v cc = +5v v cc = +30 v ?t min t amb t max v cc = +5 v v cc = +30 v 0.7 1.5 0.8 1.5 1.2 3 1.2 3 ma v icm input common mode voltage range: v cc = +30 v (3) t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 0 0 v cc -1.5 v cc -2 v cmr common mode rejection ratio (r s 10 k ): t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 70 60 80 db i source output current source (v id = +1 v): v cc = +15 v, v o = +2 v 20 40 70 ma i sink output sink current (v id = -1 v): v cc = +15 v, v o = +2 v v cc = +15 v, v o = +0.2 v 10 12 20 50 ma a
electrical characteristics lm224a-lm324a 6/20 v oh high level output voltage v cc = +30 v, r l = 2 k t amb = +25c t min t amb t max 26 26 27 v v cc = +30 v, r l = 10 k t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 27 27 28 v v cc = +5 v, r l = 2 k t amb = +25 c t min t amb t max 3.5 3 v v ol low level output voltage (r l = 10k ): t amb = +25c t min t amb t max 520 20 mv sr slew rate: v cc = 15 v, v i = 0.5 to 3 v, r l = 2 k , c l = 100 pf, unity gain 0.4 v/s gbp gain bandwidth product: v cc = 30 v, f =100 khz, v in = 10 mv, r l = 2 k , c l = 100pf 1.3 mhz thd total harmonic distortion: f = 1khz, a v = 20db, r l = 2k , v o = 2v pp , c l = 100pf, v cc = 30v 0.015 % e n equivalent input noise voltage: f = 1 khz, r s = 100 , v cc = 30 v 40 dv io input offset voltage drift 7 30 v/c di io input offset current drift 10 200 pa/c v o1 /v o2 channel separation (4) - 1khz f 20 khz 120 db 1. v o = 1.4 v, r s = 0 , 5 v < v cc + < 30 v, 0 < v ic < v cc + - 1.5 v 2. the direction of the input current is out of the ic. this current is essentiall y constant, independent of the state of the output so there is no load change on the input lines. 3. the input common-mode voltage of either input si gnal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 v. the upper end of the common-mode voltage range is v cc + - 1.5 v, but either or both inputs can go to +32 v without damage. 4. due to the proximity of external components, ensur e that there is no coupling originating from stray capacitance between these external parts. typically, this can be det ected at higher frequencies because this type of capacitance increases. table 2. v cc + = +5v, v cc - = ground, v o = 1.4v, t amb = +25c (unless otherwise specified) symbol parameter min. typ. max. unit nv hz ----------- -
lm224a-lm324a electrical characteristics 7/20 figure 3. input bias current vs. ambient temperature figure 4. current limiting -55-35-15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 ambient temperature (c) 24 21 18 15 9 12 6 3 0 input bias current versus ambient temperature ib (na) figure 5. input voltage range figure 6. supply current figure 7. gain bandwidth product figure 8. common mode rejection ratio
electrical characteristics lm224a-lm324a 8/20 figure 9. input bias current vs. ambient temperature figure 10. current limiting -55-35-15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 ambient temperature (c) 24 21 18 15 9 12 6 3 0 input bias current versus ambient temperature ib (na) figure 11. input voltage range figure 12. supply current figure 13. gain bandwidth product figur e 14. common mode rejection ratio
lm224a-lm324a electrical characteristics 9/20 figure 15. electrical curves
electrical characteristics lm224a-lm324a 10/20 figure 16. input current figure 17. large signal voltage gain figure 18. power supply & common mode rejection ratio figure 19. voltage gain
lm224a-lm324a typical single-supply applications 11/20 4 typical single-supply applications figure 20. ac coupled inverting amplifier f igure 21. high input z adjustable gain dc instrumentation amplifier if r1 = r5 and r3 = r4 = r6 = r7 e 0 = (e 2 -e 1 ) as shown e 0 = 101 (e 2 - e 1 ). 1 2r 1 r 2 ----------- + figure 22. ac coupled non inverting amplifier figure 23. dc summing amplifier e 0 = e 1 +e 2 -e 3 -e 4 where (e 1 +e 2 ) (e 3 +e 4 ) to keep e 0 0v figure 24. non-inverting dc gain figure 25. low drift peak detector
typical single-supply applications lm224a-lm324a 12/20 figure 26. active bandpass filter figure 27. high input z, dc differential amplifier figure 28. using symmetrical amplifiers to reduce input current (general concept) fo = 1khz q = 50 av = 100 (40db) for (cmrr depends on this resistor ratio match) r 1 r 2 ------- r 4 r 3 ------- = e 0 (e 2 - e 1 ) as shown e 0 = (e 2 - e 1 ) 1 r 4 r 3 ------- + ?? ??
lm224a-lm324a macromodels 13/20 5 macromodels note: please consider the following before using this macromodel: all models are a trade-off between accuracy and complexity (i.e. simulation time). macromodels are not a substitute to breadboarding; rather, they confirm the validity of a design approach and help to select surrounding component values. a macromodel emulates the nominal performance of a typical device within specified operating conditions (i.e. temperature, supply voltage, etc.). thus the macromodel is often not as exhaustive as the datasheet, its purpose is to illustrate the main parameters of the product. data issued from macromodels that is used outside of the specified conditions (v cc , temperature, etc.) or even worse, outside of the device operating conditions (v cc , v icm , etc.) is not reliable in any way. ** standard linear ics macromodels, 1993. ** connections : * 1 inverting input * 2 non-inverting input * 3 output * 4 positive power supply * 5 negative power supply .subckt lm124 1 3 2 4 5 ******************************************************* .model mdth d is=1e-8 kf=3.104131e-15 cjo=10f * input stage cip 2 5 1.000000e-12 cin 1 5 1.000000e-12 eip 10 5 2 5 1 ein 16 5 1 5 1 rip 10 11 2.600000e+01 rin 15 16 2.600000e+01 ris 11 15 2.003862e+02 dip 11 12 mdth 400e-12 din 15 14 mdth 400e-12 vofp 12 13 dc 0 vofn 13 14 dc 0 ipol 13 5 1.000000e-05 cps 11 15 3.783376e-09 dinn 17 13 mdth 400e-12 vin 17 5 0.000000e+00 dinr 15 18 mdth 400e-12 vip 4 18 2.000000e+00 fcp 4 5 vofp 3.400000e+01 fcn 5 4 vofn 3.400000e+01 fibp 2 5 vofn 2.000000e-03 fibn 5 1 vofp 2.000000e-03 * amplifying stage
macromodels lm224a-lm324a 14/20 fip 5 19 vofp 3.600000e+02 fin 5 19 vofn 3.600000e+02 rg1 19 5 3.652997e+06 rg2 19 4 3.652997e+06 cc 19 5 6.000000e-09 dopm 19 22 mdth 400e-12 donm 21 19 mdth 400e-12 hopm 22 28 vout 7.500000e+03 vipm 28 4 1.500000e+02 honm 21 27 vout 7.500000e+03 vinm 5 27 1.500000e+02 eout 26 23 19 5 1 vout 23 5 0 rout 26 3 20 cout 3 5 1.000000e-12 dop 19 25 mdth 400e-12 vop 4 25 2.242230e+00 don 24 19 mdth 400e-12 von 24 5 7.922301e-01 .ends the values provided in ta bl e 3 are derived from this macromodel. table 3. v cc + = +15v, v cc - = 0v, t amb = 25c (unless otherwise specified) symbol conditions value unit v io 0mv a vd r l = 2 k 100 v/mv i cc no load, per amplifier 350 a v icm 0 to +13.5 v v oh r l = 2 k (v cc + =15 v) +13.5 v v ol r l = 10 k 5mv i os v o = +2 v, v cc = +15 v +40 ma gbp r l = 2 k , c l = 100 pf 1.3 mhz sr r l = 2 k , c l = 100 pf 0.4 v/s
lm224a-lm324a package mechanical data 15/20 6 package mechanical data in order to meet environmental requirements, stmicroelectronics offers these devices in ecopack ? packages. these packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. the category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with jedec standard jesd97. the maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ecopack is an stmicroelectronics trademark. ecopack specifications are available at: www.st.com .
package mechanical data lm224a-lm324a 16/20 6.1 dip14 package dim. mm. inch min. typ max. min. typ. max. a1 0.51 0.020 b 1.39 1.65 0.055 0.065 b 0.5 0.020 b1 0.25 0.010 d 20 0.787 e 8.5 0.335 e 2.54 0.100 e3 15.24 0.600 f 7.1 0.280 i 5.1 0.201 l 3.3 0.130 z 1.27 2.54 0.050 0.100 plastic dip-14 mechanical data p001a
lm224a-lm324a package mechanical data 17/20 6.2 so-14 package dim. mm. inch min. typ max. min. typ. max. a 1.75 0.068 a1 0.1 0.2 0.003 0.007 a2 1.65 0.064 b 0.35 0.46 0.013 0.018 b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010 c 0.5 0.019 c1 45? (typ.) d 8.55 8.75 0.336 0.344 e 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244 e 1.27 0.050 e3 7.62 0.300 f 3.8 4.0 0.149 0.157 g 4.6 5.3 0.181 0.208 l 0.5 1.27 0.019 0.050 m 0.68 0.026 s? (max.) so-14 mechanical data po13g 8
package mechanical data lm224a-lm324a 18/20 6.3 tssop14 package dim. mm. inch min. typ max. min. typ. max. a 1.2 0.047 a1 0.05 0.15 0.002 0.004 0.006 a2 0.8 1 1.05 0.031 0.039 0.041 b 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012 c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.0089 d 4.9 5 5.1 0.193 0.197 0.201 e 6.2 6.4 6.6 0.244 0.252 0.260 e1 4.3 4.4 4.48 0.169 0.173 0.176 e 0.65 bsc 0.0256 bsc k0? 8?0? 8? l 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.018 0.024 0.030 tssop14 mechanical data c e b a2 a e1 d 1 pin 1 identification a1 l k e 0080337d
lm224a-lm324a revision history 19/20 7 revision history table 4. document revision history date revision changes 1-mar-2001 1 first release 1-feb-2005 2 added explanation of v id and v i limits in table 1 on page 4 . updated macromodel. 1-jun-2005 3 esd protection inserted in table 1 on page 4 . 25-sep-2006 4 editorial update.
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